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Extra resources for Edexcel Biology for A2

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24 ON THE WILD SIDE Distribution, abundance and succession Niche is a comprehensive ecological term that defines how an organism feeds, where it lives, and how it behaves in relation to other organisms in its habitat. This term was introduced in your AS programme, where the principle of distinct niches was illustrated by the two common and rather similar sea birds of UK coastal habitats, the cormorant and the shag. 16). The ‘niche’ concept is useful because it identifies the precise conditions a species needs.

Heat denaturation is an irreversible change in the enzyme, due to the destruction of the active site. So as the temperature rises, the amount of active enzyme progressively decreases, and the rate is slowed. As a result of these two effects of heat on enzyme-catalysed reactions, each enzyme has an apparent ‘optimum temperature’. g. 30 Temperature and the rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction. 30). For example, the bacteria in hot thermal springs have enzymes with optima between 80 and 100 °C or higher, whereas seaweeds of northern seas and the plants of the tundra have optima closer to 0 °C.

So as the temperature rises, the amount of active enzyme progressively decreases, and the rate is slowed. As a result of these two effects of heat on enzyme-catalysed reactions, each enzyme has an apparent ‘optimum temperature’. g. 30 Temperature and the rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction. 30). For example, the bacteria in hot thermal springs have enzymes with optima between 80 and 100 °C or higher, whereas seaweeds of northern seas and the plants of the tundra have optima closer to 0 °C. Humans have enzymes with optima at or about normal body temperature.

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