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Extra info for Risk and Financial Catastrophe

Sample text

Hurricanes (based in the Atlantic Ocean), along with their counterparts (cyclones [Indian Ocean] and typhoons [Pacific Ocean)), are cyclonic storms that convert the heat energy of a tropical ocean into storm systems. The storms are seasonal in nature (typically appearing once sea surface temperatures reach a level of 80 degrees Fahrenheit to a depth of 200 feet) and have the potential of generating very heavy rainfall, tornadoes, storm force winds, and storm surges. The eye of a storm serves as the center of a system, with the surrounding wall of the eye containing the most intense activity.

Though the pattern of buildup occurs on a regular basis and can be accommodated within a statistical framework, the precise timing of event occurrence remains unknown. Note that the term "regular" should not be taken to mean a high frequency event, but an event that displays relatively more predictable occurrence than other catastrophes. Examples of regular catastrophe include an earthquake on a known fault line, an eruption from an active volcano, or currency devaluation from persistent deficits and shrinking reserves.

In addition to unique probability and value parameters, a catastrophic event also features various other distinctive characteristics: • It may be a natural event (such as a windstorm or hurricane) or a manmade event (such as a chemical spill or national debt default). While natural events cannot be stopped, the same is not necessarily true of man-made events, suggesting some catastrophes may be preventable and others not. • It may strike with varying degrees of speed, meaning it may be instantaneous or prolonged.

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